4-(omega-substituted alkyl)-3, 3-disubstituted-1-substituted-2-pyrrolidinones and 4-(omega-substituted alkyl)-3, 3-disubstituted-1-substituted-2-thionpyrrolidinones



United States Patent 3,192,210 4 -(0MEGA SUBSTITUTED ALKYL)-3,3-DISUBSTI- TU 'ED-I-SUBEsTITUTED 2,- PYRROLIDIN ONES AND 4-(OMEGA-SUBSTITUTED ALKYL)-3,3-DI- SUBSTITUTED 1 -'SUB'STlTUTED-2-TI*IIONPYR- ROLIDINONES Carl D. Lunsford, Richmond, and Albert D. Cale, In, Bon Air, Va., assignors to A. H. Robins Company, Inc Richmond, 121., a corporation of Virginia 7 No Drawing. Original application Dec. 4, 1961, Ser. No. 156,945. .Divided and this application Nov. 13, 1962, Ser. No. 237,286

20 Claims. 1 (Cl. 260-2472) The present application is a division of our prior-filed copending application Serial No. 156,945, filed December 4, 1961, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of our prior-filed co-pending application Serial No. 88,036, filed February 9, 1961.

The present invention relates to certain heterocyclic organic compounds which may be referred to as 4-(omegasubstituted alkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones and 4-(omega-substituted alkyl)-2-thionpyrrolidinones and is more particularly concerned with 4-(omega-substituted alkyl)3,3- disubstituted-1-substituted-2-pyrrolidinones and 4-(omegasubstituted alkyl)-3,3-disubstituted-l-substituted 2 thion pyrrolidinones, processes for the production thereof, intermediate products useful in the preparation thereof, and processes for the preparation of such intermediates. The invention is especially concerned with such compounds of the formula:

E: RI!

wherein: A is lower-alkyl, cycloalkyl, monocarbocyclic aryl, or monocarbocyclic aralkyl; R is lower-alkyl, loweralkenyl, cycloalkyl, monocarbocyclic aryl, monocarbocyclic aralkyl, pyridyl, thienyl, or thenyl; R is loweralkyl, lower-alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, or monocarbocyclic aralkyl; R" is hydrogen or methyl, a maximum or one R being other than hydrogen; n is zero or one; B is halogen, hydroxy, mercapto, lower-alkylmer capto, lower-alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, benzoyloxy, hydroxybenzoyloxy, nicotinoyloxy, lower-alkanoyloxy,

cyano, carboxy, carbonyl halide, carb-lower alkoxy,

aminocarbonyl, lower-alkanoyl, -N (lower alkanoyl)- amino, phthalimido, and amino; and E is oxygen or ice appear. The morpholino compounds are especiallypotent analeptics. Some other compounds of the series are preferred as hypotensives, particularly those amino compounds wherein the amino group is dialkylamino, especially dimethylamino, piperidino, and pyrrolidino. In addition, as will be apparent and become more obvious hereinafter, some compounds, though active in themselves, are also valuable as intermediates in preparing other and still more active compounds of Formula X, e.g., the omega-haloalkyl compounds. Those compounds having a reactive functional group in the side-chain are of course useful, as shown herein, as reactants in standard-type reactions characteristicof the functional group contained therein. While the degree and relative degree of their activities varies, all compounds tested exhibited .analeptic activity although, as stated, because of the rela-' tive degree of analeptic vs. hypotensive activity, some are preferred as hypotensives. The amine quaternary am monium salts tested, in addition to being respiratory stimulants, evidence ganglionic blocking activity.

It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide novel and useful 4-(omega-substituted alkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones and -2-thionpyrrolidinones, processes for their production, intermediate products useful in their preparation, and processes for preparing such intermediates which in themselves have useful pharmacological activity. Other objects of the invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and still other objects will become apparent hereinafter.

In the definitions of symbols in foregoing Formula X and where they appear elsewhere throughout this specification, the terms have the following significance.

By monocarbocyclic aryl radical is meant an aryl' radical of the benzene series, having six ring carbon atoms, and this term includes the unsubstituted phenyl radical and phenyl radicals substituted by any radical or radicals which are not reactive or otherwise interfering under conditions of the reaction, such as nitro, loweralkoxy, lower-alkylmercapto, lower-alkyl, halo, and the.

like. The substituted-phenyl radicals have preferably no more than one to three substituents such as those given above and, furthermore, these substituents can be in various available positions of the phenyl nucleus and,

I preferably from one to three carbon atoms which can be arranged as straight or branched chains.

Among the suitable amino radicals included within the symbol B are primary, secondary, and tertiary amino radicals, such as unsubstituted amino (NH (loweralkyD-amino; di-(lower-alkyl)-amino; (lower-alkenyD- amino; di-(lower-alkenyl)-amino; phenylamino; (hydroxy-lower-alkyl)-amino; di (hydroxy lower alkyl)- amino; basic saturated monocyclic h'eterocyclic radicals of less than twelve carbon atoms, as exemplified by piperidino; (lower-alkyl)-piperidino, e.g., 2-, 3-, or 4-(lower-alkyl)piperidino; di-(lower aIkyD-piperidiho, e.g., 2,4-, 2,6-, or 3,5-di-(loWer-alkyl)-piperidino; (loweralkoxy)-piperidino; pyrrolidino; (lower-alkyl)-pyrro1idino; di-(lower-alkyl)-pyrrolidino; (lower-alkoxy)-pyrrolidino; morpholino; (lower-alkyl)-morpholino; di-(lower-alkyl)- o: morpholino; (lo'wer-alkoxy)-rnorpholino; thiomorpholino; (lower-alkyl)-thiornorpholino; di (lower alkyl)- thiomorpholino; (lower-alkoxy)-thiomorpholino; piperazino; (lower-alkyl)-piperazino (e.g., C- or N -methylpiperazino), di-C (lower-alkyl) piperaziuo; N -(loweralkyl)-C-(lower-alkyl)-piperazino; N (hydroxy loweralkyl)-piperazino; N-(lower-aliphatic acyloxy lower-alkyl)-piperazino [e.g., N-acetox isobutyroxy-, or octanoyloxyethyl or propyl)-piperazino]; (lower-alkoxy)- piperazino; and (lower carbalkoxy) piperazino. The terms lower alkyl and lower alkoxy, when employed herein, include both straight and branched chain radicals of not more than eight carbon atoms.

In the foregoing definition of R, certain cyclic radicals are referred to. When pyridyl is referred to, e.g., the 3- or 4-pyridyl radicals are included. When thienyl or thenyl radicals are referred to, these may be, for example, the 3-thienyl or 2- or 3-thenyl radicals.

The term lower-alkyl as used herein includes straight and branched chain radicals of up to eight carbon atoms inclusive and is exemplified by such groups as methyl,

ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tertiary butyl, amyl, isoamyl,

hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and the like. Theterm alkenyl includes. straight and branched chain radicals of two up to eight carbon atoms inclusive and includes such groups as vinyl, allyl, methallyl,-4-pentenyl, 3-hexenyl,'and 3- methyl-3-heptenyl. The term cycloalkyl as used herein incudes primarily cyclic alkyl radicals containing three up to nine carbon atoms inclusive and encompasses such groups as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, methcyclohexyl, propylcyclohexyl, ethylcyclopentyl, propylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. The term cycloalkenyl as used herein includes cyclic alkenyl radicals containing up to nine carbon atoms inclusive and encompasses such usual radicals as 1- and 2-cyclohexenyl and 1- and 2-cyclopentenyl. Included in the term aralkyl are lowenalkyl substituted mono-carbocyclic aryl groups such as benzyl, phenethyl, methylbenzyl, phenpropyl and the like. The radicals R and R'in the above Formula X, as stated in the foregoing, are inclusive of such'groups as lower-alkyl, lower-alkenyl, cycloalkyl, and aralkyl, and are preferably although not necessarily radicals of a solely hydrocarbon nature.

Included Within the scope of -N-(lower-allranoyl)- amino are the corresponding tertiary amino radicals designated -N-(lowei alkanoyl)-N-lower-alkylarnino. The term aminocarbony encompasses not only the primary amino containing radicals, but also the corresponding N-phenylor N (lower alkyl) carbamyl and N,NI'- di- (lower alkyl)-carbamyl radicals as well as the corresponding -N',N-mon ocyclic alkyl or saturated heterocyclic ca'rbamyl radicals, wherein the saturated monocyclic heterocyclic radical is as set forth under the definition of amino in the foregoing. The amino moiety of the aminocarbonyl radical is additionally variable in accord with the definition of amino. previously given.

When B is, amino, the compounds of Formula X may be converted to acid addition and quaternary ammonium salts by'reaction of the free base with the selected acid or acid ester, e.g., an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl halide, sulfate, or sulfonate, preferably in the presence of an organic solvent inert to the reactants under the conditions of reaction and under, substantially anhydrous conditions. When the compounds are to be used as intermediates for preparing other compounds or for any other non-pharmaceutical use, the toxicity or non-toxicity of the salt is immaterial. When the compounds are to be used as pharmaceuticals, they are most conveniently used in the form of water-soluble, non-toxic acid-addition or quaternary ammonium salts. Both toxic and non toxic salts are therefore within the purview of the invention. The acids which can be used to prepare the pretion. poly-acid-addition salt is obtained in those instancesferred non-toxic acid-addition salts are those which produce, when combined with the. free bases, salts whose anions are relatively innocuous to the animal organism in therapeutic doses of the salts, so that beneficial physiological properties inherent in the free bases are not vitiated by side-effects ascribable to the anions. Appropriate acidaddition salts are those derived from mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid; and organic acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, lacticacid, and tartaric acid. The quaternary ammonium salts are obtained by the addition of alkyl, alkcnyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, or aralkyl esters of inorganic, acids or organic sulfonic acids to the free base form of the tertiary amino compounds. The alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkenyl or aralkyl esters so used include such compounds as methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl bromide, propyl chloride, allyl chloride, allyl bromide, dirnethyl sulfate, methyl benzenesulfonate, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, benzyl chloride, cyclopentyl bromide, benzyl bromide, and substituted benzyl halides, such as p-chlorobenzyl chloride, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, o-chlorobenzyl chloride, p-methoxybenzyl chloride, and the like.

The acid-addition salts are prepared either by dissolving the free base in an aqueous solution containing the appropriate acid and isolating the salt by evaporating the solution, or by reacting the free base and the selected acid in an organic solvent, in which case the salt separates directly or can be obtained by concentration of the solu- If two or more equivalents of acid are used, a

where there is more than one basic nitrogen atom in the molecule; If oneequivalent of acid is used a monoacid-addition salt is obtained.

The quaternary ammonium salts are prepared by mixing the free base and the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl ester in an organic solvent. Heating may be used to facilitate the reaction. The quaternary ammonium salt separates directly or can be obtained by concentration of the solution. alkyl, or aralkyl ester per mole of base is used, a monoquaternary ammonium salt is obtained. If two or more moles of ester per mole of base are used, a poly-quaternary ammonium salt may be obtained, the number of quaternized centers depending upon the number of basic nitrogen atoms present in the free base and the number of equivalents of ester used.

When halogen is referred to herein, preferably but not necessarily a halogen of atomic weightin excess of 19 is employed. Of thehalogens, chlorine is preferred.

The present invention provides valuable pharmacologically-active organic compounds and intermediatestherefor, having an omega-substituted alkyl substituent in the four position.

invention, as stated in the foregoing, are valuable per so due to their pharmacological activity but are additionally of great value as intermediates in the preparation of related compounds in which the omega-substituent is widely variable. The preferred compounds for all purposes are the 3,3-diaryl compounds, especially the l-loweralkyl-3,3-diphenyl compounds.

The starting materials for the process of the present invention are the substituted acetonitriles of Formula IV. These may be prepared by the process diagrammed in Chart 1, wherein all of the symbols have the meanings. given previously.

If one mole of alkyl, alkenyl, cyclo- I Although pyrrolidinones having substituents on the l-nitrogen atom are known, to the .best of (I) (II) NaNHg R" o1 RI/ [N/ RII 1'. CN B" A o a" R! B (Iv) The alpha-( 1-substituted- 3-pyrrolidyl)-alpha, alphadisubstituted (e.g., dimethyl or diphenyl) acetonitriles (IV) are generally prepared by alkylating the alkali metal, e.g;, sodium, salt of the appropriate alpha, alpha-disubstituted-acetonitrile (II), e.g., dimethylacetonitrile or diphenylacetonitrile, with the appropriate 1-substituted-3- halo (e.g., chloro)-pyrrolidine in a suitable solvent such as dry toluene. The sodium salt of the alpha, alpha-disubstituted-acetonitrile (II) is formed by reaction of the nitrile with sodium amide in the dry solvent, e.g., toluene. The condensation with the 3 chloro-pyrr-olidine (III) is usually carried out with the application of heat, e.g., in refluxing benzene, toluene, or like solvent, for an extended period, e.g., approximately three hours. The solvent, e.g., toluene, solution is then'washed with water and the product extracted, as with one normal hydrochloric acid. This acid extract may then be basified with sodium hydroxide, extracted with a water-insoluble solvent such as ether or chloroform, the solution washed and dried, as over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and the residue distilled in vacuo. In most cases, the product crystallizes on standing and may be recrystallized from an appropriate solvent or solvents.

The following preparation illustrates this method in which,

if desired, the radical R may alternatively by introduced into the acetonitrile molecule after the pyrrolidyl radical, rather than before the pyrrolidyl radical, which sequence was indicated in the foregoing.

The following preparations and examples are given by way of illustration only and are in no event to be construed as limiting. The temperatures given are'in a degrees Centigrade, unless indicated to the contrary.

PREPARATION 1 a (1 -isbutyl-3-pyrrolidyl)-a,a-diphenylacet0nitrile. A suspension of the sodium salt of diphenylacetonitrile was formed by the dropwise addition at 50 of 193 g. (1.0 mole) of diphenylacetonitrile to a stirred suspension of 43 g. (1.1 moles) of sodium amide in one liter of dry toluene. After addition was complete, the mixture was refluxed for four hours and then,,to the refluxing mixture, 162 g. (1.0 mole) of l-isobutyl-3-chloropyrrolidine was added at a rapid dropwise rate with continuous stirring. After addition was complete, stirring and refluxing were continued for three hours. The mixture was then cooled and extracted with one normal hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer together with an oil layer were separated, made basic with dilute sodium hydroxide, and extracted with ether. The ethereal solution was dried oversodium sulfate and concentrated and the residue was distilled in In the same manner, starting from the appropriate 1-' substituted-3-chloropyrrolidine (III) and the selected alpha, alpha-disubstituted-acetonitrile (II), in turn produced by reaction of the selected alpha-substituted-acetonitrile (I) and the chloride or bromide of the other substituent R desired to be introduced into the alpha position, or by introducing the pyrrolidyl substituent (III) before the second alpha substituent, 'various other alpha-(I-substituted 3-pyrrolidyl)-alpha, alpha-disubstituted-acetonitriles are prepared. Other compounds within the scope of Formula IV which are prepared according to the manner of foregoing Preparation 1 are as follows:

u- 1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -ot-allyl-u-phenylacetonitrile,

u-( l-allyl-3 -pyrrolidyl) -a,a-dicyclohexylacetonitrile,

u-'( l-phenyl-3-pyrrolidyl -a,ct-dimethylacetonitlile,

a-( 1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl) a-benzyl-a-phenylacet0- nitrile,

u,a-bis-( l-isopropyl-3 -pyrrolidyl) -a-phenylacetonitrile,

ac-( 1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -u:- (2- or 3-thienyl) flat-phenylacetonitrile,

a-( 1-isopropyl-3 -pyrrolidyl) -a- (2- or 3-thenyl) a-phenylacetonitrile,

a-( 1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -0t- (p-methoxyphenyl) w:-

phenylacetonitrile,

oc-( 1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -a- (m-chlor-ophenyl) -aphenylacetonitrile,

a-( 1-isopropyl-3 -pyrrolidyl) -a- (o-methylphenyl) -aphenylacetonitrile,

11- 1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -a-methyl-a-cyclopentylacetonitrile,

ec-( 1-isopropyl-5-methyl-3-pyrrolidyl -a,a-diphenylacetonitrile,

a-( l-isopropyl-4-methyl-3-pyrrolidyl -e,e-diphenylacetonitrile,

oc-( l-isopropyl-3 -methyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -a,a-diphenylacetonitrile, V I

a-( 1-isopropyl-2-methyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -a,u-diphenylacetonitrile,

esl-rnethyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -a-phenyl-m- Z-piperidyl) acetonitrile, and

e-( 1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl) u-phenyl-u- [4- (N-methylpiperidyl) 1 -acetonitrile,

respectively prepared as indicated in the foregoing by the reaction of a-Allyl-a-phenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-l-isopropylpyrrolidine;

a,a-Dicyclohexylacetonitrile with S-chloro-l-allylpyrrolidine;

u pimethylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-1-phenylpyrrola-Benzyl-u-phenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-1-isopropylpyrrolidine;

a-Phenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-l-isopropylpyrrolidine;

a-( 2- or 3-thienyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-lisopropylpyrrolidine;

oz-(2- or 3-thenyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro 1- isopropylpyrrolidine;

cc-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-e-phenylacet0nit1ile with 3-chlorol-isopropylpyrrolidine;

a-(m-Chlorophenyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-1- isopropylpyrrolidine;

a-(o-Methylphenyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile with 3-ch1oro-1- isopropylpyrrolidine;

e-Methyl-a-cyclopentylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-1- isopropylpyrrolidine;

methylpyrrolidine;

a,a-Diphenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-1-isopropyl-4- methylpyrrolidine;

a,u-Diphenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-1-isopropyl-3- methylpyrrolidine;

a,u-Diphenylacetonitrile with 3-chloro-l-isopropyl-2- methylpyrrolidine;

7 a-Phenyl-ct- Z-pyridyl) -acetonitrile with 3-chl0r0- l-methylpyrrolidine and subsequent catalytic reduction of the pyridine nucleus; and wPhenyl-m- [4-(N-methylpiperidyD']-acetonitrile with 3- chloro-l-isopropylpyrrolidine The physical-constants of some representative u-(1-Sl3b stituted-B-pyrrolidyl)-a,x-disubstituted-acetonitriles within the scope of Formula IV are shown in Table I.

In this Table I, the compounds characterized, in'the order of the table, were prepared from the following reactants (1) Diphenylacetonitrile and 3-chloro-1-metl1yl pyrrolidine (2) Diphenylacetonitrile and 3-chloro-1-ethyl pyrrolidine (3) Diphenylacetonitrile and 3-chloro-1-isopropyl pyrrolidine.

(4) Diphenylacetonitrile and 3-ch1oro-1-isobutyl pyrrolidine (5) Diphenylacetonitrile and 3-chloro-1-cycl-ohexyl pyrrolidine (6) Diphenylacetonitrile and S-chloro-l-benzyl pyrrolidine (7) a-(Z-pyridyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile and 3-chloro-benzyl pyrrolidine (8) oa-(2-pyridyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile and 3-chloro-1-isobutyl pyrrolidine 8 (9) a-(Z-pyridyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile andB-chloro-l-cyclohexyl pyrrolidine (10) a-(2-pyridyl)'-ot-phenylacetonitrile and 3-ch1oIo-1- n-butyl pyrrolidine l-isopropyl pyrrolidine (19) a-Methyl-a-phenylacetoni'trile' and 3-chloro-1-isopropyl pyrrolidine (20) m-Cyclopentyl-a-phenylacetonitrile and 3-chlo1o-1- isopropyl pyrrolidine (21) a-Cyclohexyl-ot-phenylacetonitrile and 3-chloro-1- isopropyl pyrrolidine Table l REPRESENTATIVE a-(l-SUBS'IiTUTED-E-PYRROLIDYL)-a,a-DIS UBSTIT UTED Analysis A R R B. Pjmm. (M.'P.), C. O H N Calcd. Caled. Calcd. Found Found Found 00115 CH3 OSHA -8 82. 57 7. 29 1o. 14 82. 82 7. 9. 72 on! Om. Cm; (83-84) 82. 72 7, 64 9, 65 82. 83 7. 78 9. 47 CAR: l 03H C (73-74) 82. 85 7, 9. 2O 82. 88 7. 89 9. O5 00H; l-C4H9 CflHa (76"77) 82. 97 8. 23 8. 8O 83. 21 8. 12 8. 62 C 11,; KEY-06H C013 195200/0.005 s3. 67 8.19 8.13 83.23 8. 33 7. 78 05H); CuH CH 00H; 2 2 1 85. 19 6. 8G 7, 95 84. 93 6. 93 7. 75 C511; C H OH 2-5H4N 200210/0.03 81.55 6. 56

(pyrridyl) 81. 69 6. 77 05115 i-C4H9. -.......d 161-16G/0.07 78. 96 7. 89 79. 00 7. 68 CH cy-C fl' .do ZOO-20810.05 79. 96 7. 88 8O. 15 8. 06 GgHa Il'C4HU; "d0 70-17 /0-08 78. 9G 7. 89 78. 87 8. O6 0 H i-CzH7 -.do (107-109) 78. 65 7. 59 78. 88 7. 81 C 11 C213 --d0 (110-1 9) 78. 31 7. 26 78. 53 7. 20 0 11 CH3 .do 148151/0.07 77. 94 6. 91 78. 21 7. 05 p-CHaO CQH4..-- OH: do 173/0.08 74. 24 6. 89 74. 27 6. 91 p-OHaQ C m... C111 "do 200202/0.03 74. 73 7. 22 74. 69 7. l4 p-CHaO 0511...-.- PC3111 "d0 mom-05--.- 75. 19 7. 51 75. 05 7. 39 0 H; 121-130/015-020. 79. 64 9. 44 10. 93 79. 86 9. 65 10. 74 0 11 124-125/(1002 79. 95 9. 69 10. 36 80. 11 9. 61 10. 27 O H C5115 147149/0.005 81. 03 9. 52 9. .45 81. 53 9. 28 9. 58 CGH l69175/0.001 81. 24 9. 74 9.02 81. 27 9. 71 8. 94

1 See foregoing discussion for startlng naterials; R equals H. 2 Compound made but not characterized.

9 t The preparation of the 4-(omega haloalkyl)-3,3-disnbstituted-1-substituted-2-pyrrolidinones and other 4-(omega-substituted alkyl)-3,3-disubstituted-l-substituted-Z-pyrrolidinones of the invention, respectively designated IX and X, is indicated by the following diagram:

CHART 2.PREPARATION OF 4-(OMEGA-SUBSTI- TUTED ALKYL) 3,3-DISUBSTITUTED-l-SUBSTI- TUTED-Z-PYRROLIDINONES coon I hydrolysis (IV partial hydrolysis Edr'ois 7 1 L (v11) Afiixed anh dridg (X= halogen) R R R" A. cna'pna q (x) I xz+ X, or in going from (VI) to (IX), has been further elucidated. It has been found that the reaction is not limited to introduction of the omega-halogen atom X during the rearrangement of (VII) to a 2-pyrrolidinone but, alternatively, that a diiferent negative ion or radical Q1 entering from outside the reaction or released from within, may be introduced into the omega position during acid anhydride plus halogen ion X (e.'g.,thionyl halide or phosphorustri'halide) acid anhydride plusqanion (Q is different than X) anion in the reaction and emerges as the omega alkyl substituent Q in the product, as in (IX) or (X). However, when an excess of Q is a component of the reaction mixture at equilibrium intermediate form (VIII), this ion Q- replaces Y in the final product, appearing as the omega-alkyl Q substituent.

Examples are included herein ofv representative Y- anions in the absence of Q anions, e.g., halo, such as Clor Br-, lower-aliphatic acyloxy, e.g., acetyloxy, and where Y- and Q are difierent anions, for example, different halogens, difierent lower-aliphatic acyloxy groups, one a halogen and the other an acyloxy group, and the like. It is in this manner possible to directly the rearrangement reaction. The apparent course of the 75 introduce iodine, for example, as the omega-alkyl sub- I 1 stituent byintroductionof sodium iodide into the rearrangement reaction of the mixed anhydride (VII A), where Y is acetyloxy, thus producinga compound of Formula IX in which Q is iodine.

That the mechanism is one which occurs at the equilibrium stage ,[cornpound' (VIII)] is clearly indicated, for example, by the fact that NaI is not effective under the conditions of reaction to replace an established omega-acetyloxy radical. Where the anion is introduced from outside the reaction, the reaction is facilitated by use .of a suitable solvent for the anion, such as methyl ethyl ketone when an alkali metal iodide is employed.

(IV) by hydrolysis, or it may beprepared by hydrolysis of the, intermediate amide (V) which in turn may be prepared from the acetonitrile (IV) by a partial hydrolysis. The 4-haloalkylcompound(D() is convertible to numerous other omega-substituted alkyl products (X), including those of increased side-chain length, as more fully disclosed hereinaftera The 1,3,3,4-tetra-substituted-2-pyrrolidinones of the present invention are in general prepared by the reactions outlined in Chart 2 of this specification. Presented in the following are general descriptions and specific examples which more fully illustrate the experimental details.

CHART 3.OUTLINE OF REARRANGEMENT REACTION COURSE v: acid' A fil-H-C CHTR" o==c aces" urn" Y n r 1lz (VII A) L R a" M B A-Ci-i; i s-1R" (22*) nix- 7 mm" afi m I Y It H R CR" I A-C :--C|2 Til-R (vrrr) Hayes-4t" I! R R 4 In compound: 7

The 4-haloalkyl compounds (IX) are generally prepared by the rearrangement of the acid (VI) via the mixed anhydride, in this case the acid halide(VII). The

In preparing the 4-haloalkyl compounds (IX) from the oc-(l substituted-3-pyrrolid'yl)-a,a-disubstituted acetonitriles (IV), the nitrile is first hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid (VI) by the action of a strong mineral acid, e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid, for;example, approximately 80%, preferably aqueous sulfuric acid, or concentrated (e.g., near 35%) hydrochloric acid. 1 Usually this hydrolysis is readily effected by heating at a relatively high temperature, e.g. 100440, preferably acid (VI) may be prepared directly from the ace-tonitrile -140; degrees Centigrade for anextended period, e.g.,

rearrange readily upon heating.

from five to 48 hours. Lower temperatures increase the required reaction period, higher temperatures may shorten it somewhat but are not recommended since decarboxylation may occur from excessive reaction temperatures or periods and the incidence of undesired side-reactions, e.g., sulfonation,is thereby also increased. Upon completion of the hydrolysis, the solution of the acid (VI) may be cooled, as by pouring onto ice, and basifiedwith an alkali, e.g., sodium or potassium hydroxide,'ammonium hydroxide, or the like, andextracted with an appropriate organic solvent. Halogenated organic solvents such as chloroform ethylene dichloride, and the like are preferred. The resulting solution of the basic salt is then acidified, as with an anhydrous mineral acid, preferably by passing anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas into the solution, the solution of the resulting acid salt dried with a conventional drying agent such as sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, or the like, and finally concentrated, to leave the crude salt of the acid (VI),

which may, if desired,'be recrystallized from conventional solvents, or isolated after neutralization as the free amino acid. Alte rnatively, the residual acid salt may be converted withoutisolation to the corresponding mixed anhydricle, i.e., theacyl halide, and then rearranged to the 4-(omega-haloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone.' In such case, the residual acid salt is usually heated, preferably under reflux, with an acid anhydride capable of forming a mixed anhydride therewith, together with a halogen ion (which halogen ion may either be added to the reaction or generated in situ), for example, with thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, corresponding bromides such as phosphorus tribromide and thionylbromide, acetic anhydride plus sodium iodide, or the like, until complete disappearance-of the characteristic acyl halide carbonyl frequency from the infrared spectrum, usually for a period of two to three hours, during which reaction the acid (VI) first converts to the acid halide (VII) or other mixed 'anhydride (such as VIIA where Y equals acyloxy), and

then rearranges to the 4-halo-alkyl-2-pyrrolidinone (IX).

Halides of strong acidsv are preferred, and temperatures up to about 100 degrees are usually employed.

'The acyl halides (VII) or other mixed anhydrides (VII A) are unstable even' at room temperature and It is therefore most convenient to continue heating of the reaction product containing the same, in the presence of the selected halide ion, without making any attempt at isolation, until establishment of the characteristic pyrrolidinone carbonyl frequency, indicative of completion of the preparation of the desired 4-haloalkyl-Z-pyrrolidinone via the rearrangement mechanism.

When the acid anhydride is used as solvent as well as a reactant, a considerable excess may be and frequently is employed, although when the anhydride' is acetic or other lower-aliphatic, preferably lower-alkanoic,

acid anhydride, as in caseswhen a halogen anion is extraneously introduced into the reaction mixture, a polar solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone may be used'to. facilitate solution of the anion introduced. After com- .pletion of the reaction, any excess reagent may be reing method and procedure:

Example 1.--4-(,8-chlor0ethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1- isobutyl-2-pyrr0lidinone A solution of 100 grams (0.314 mole) 'of m x-diphenyla-(l isobutyl-3-pyrrolidyl)-acetonitrile in .500 grams of 70% sulfuric acid was heated at 130 140 for 48 hours,

- poured onto ice, made basic with sodiumhydroxide, and

extracted with chloroform. The chloroform solution was acidified with hydrogen chloride gas, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was refluxed in 500 milliliters of thionyl chloride for three hours; the resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo; and the residue wascrys'tallized from isopropyl ether. Yield 69 grams (62%); M.P. 113113.5.

1 benzyl 4 (B chloroethyl 3,3 diphenyl 2- pyrrolidinone, 4 (B chloroethyl)-- 3,3 diphenyl 1- methyl 2 pyrrolidinone, 4 3 chloroethyl) 1- cyclohexyl 3,3 diphenyl 2 pyrrolidinone, 4 (B- chloroethyl) 3,3 diphenyl 1 ethyl 2 pyrrolidinone, 4 (,8 chloroethyl) 3,3 diphenyl 1 isopropyl a 2- pyrrolidinone, and 4 (2 chloroethyl) 1 isopropyl- 3-methyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone are respectively prepared in the manner of this example from qt-(1-benzyl-3- pyrrolidyl) oz,oc diphenylacetonitrile, oz (1 methyl- 3 pyrrolidyl) or, diphenylacetonitrile, a (1 cyclohexyl 3 pyrrolidyl) 0z,oc diphenylacetonitrile, a (1- ethyl 3 pyrrolidyl) u,ct diphenylacetonitrile, a (1- isopropyl -,3 pyrrolidyl) 00,0: diphenylacetonitrile, and a (1 isropropyl 3 pyrrolidyl) a methyl ocphenylacetonitrile.

r The 4-bromoalkyr compounds were prepared in the same manner as the 4-chloroalky1 compounds with the exception that thionyl bromide or phosphorus tribromide was used as the halogenating agent. The following illustrates the preparation of the4-bromoalkyl compounds.

Example 2. oz (1 ethyl 3 pyrrolidyl) ot,oz diphenylacetic acid and 4-(fl-bromethyl)-3,3-diphenyl- I-ethyl-Z-pyrrolidinone A solution of 365 g. (1.26 mole) of a-(1-ethyl-3-pyrrolidyl)-a,a-diphenylacetonitrile in 1500 g. of 70% sulfuric acid was heated at 130 for 48 hours. The acid solution was poured onto ice and made basic with sodium hydroxide. The resulting mixture was extracted with chloroform and the chloroform layer together with an oil layer which formed were acidified with dry hydrogen chloride; A small amount of water was separated and theres'ulting chloroform solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated leaving crude u (1 ethyl 3 pyrrolidyl) 0:,0: diphenylacetic acid hydrochloride.

Portions of this crude acid were treated as follows:

PROCEDURE A A solution of 31.5 g. of the crude a-(1-ethyl-3-pyrrolidyl)-a,a-diphenylacetic acid hydrochloride and 42.8 g. (0.2 mole) of thionyl bromide in seventy ml. of chloroform was refluxed for seven hours. An infrared spectrum indicated formation of the acyl bromide but no rearrangement to the pyrrolidinone. The solution was concentrated,redissolved in 100 ml. of chloroform and treated with fifty ml. of morpholine in a dropwise mannet, with stirring. The resulting solution was extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated, and theresidue dissolved in 200 ml. of boiling methanol. The

solution was decolorized with Norite activated charcoal and filtered and 25 ml. of water added; On cooling, the product precipitated and was recrystallized from a methanol-water mixture. Yield 4.0 g.; 129-130.

'15 Example 4 .3,3diphenyl-4-(Z-iodoethyl )-1 isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone A mixture of 2.30 g.'(0.007l mole) of a,a-diphenylu-(1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl)-acetic acid and 2.1 g. (0.014 mole) of sodium iodide was refluxed in 25 ml. dry methyl ethyl ketone and .1.0 ml. acetic anhydride added. Reflux was continued for thirty minutes and an additional 1.0 m1. acetic anhydride was added. After" an additional one hour of reflux, the solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue'was dissolved in 25 mllof 95% alcohol. Chilling produced'a white solid which was collected and recrystallized from 95% alcohol. Yield, 2.15 g. (70%); M.P. 143-146". A mixture of this material with that prepared according to Example showed no depression of melting point.

5 .-3,3-diphenyl-4-(2-iodoethyl )-1 isopr opyl-2-pyl r0lidin0ne A mixture of 25.0 g. (0.073 mole) of 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and 12.5 g. (0.083 mole) of sodium iodide in 200 ml. of acetone was stirred and refluxed for eighteen hours. About threefourthsof the acetone was distilled ofi and 400 ml. of water was added slowly to the cooled mixture. Thesolid which formed was separated and recrystallized from 400 ml. of 95% alcohol. Yield, 24.9 g. (79%);M.P. 144 147.5

Analysis.--Calcd for C H' 1NO: N, 3.23.

N, 3.28. v v V Additionalillustrative examples of the general method and procedure for preparation ofthe acid (VI) and use thereofv (with isolation) in preparation of the corresponding mixed anhydride, i.e., the acyl halide, (VII) and rearrangement of the acyl. halide to the .4-ome ga-haloalkyl-Z-pyrrolidinone (IX) are as follows (see also Example 13).

' Example Found:

, of boiling absolute alcohol. The alcoholic extracts were dried at reduced pressure and the combined residue dis solved in 400 m1. of water and glacial acetic acid added :until no more precipitate formed. The precipitated solid was collected and dried. Yield, 34.1 g. (88% The material was recrystallized from dirnethylformamide. M.P. 248-250" (dec.).

Analysis.Ca1cd for C H NO C, 77.98; H,,' 7.79; N, 4.33. Found: C, 77.79; H, 7.99; N, 4.13.

Example 7. oc- (1-ethyl-3-pyrrolidyl) -a,a-diphenylacetic acid and 4- (,B-chloroethyl) -1-ethyl-3,3-diphenyl-Z-pyrrolidinone a-(l-ethylw3-pyrrolidyl)-c ,a -diphenylacetic acid was prepared by the hydrolysis of a- (1-ethyl-3-pyrrolidyl)- u,a-diphenylacetonitrile in 70% sulfuric acid at 130-140 for 48 hours. The free acid was isolated and crystallized from an ethanol-benzene mixture. M.P. l36139 (decomposition).

Analysis.-Calcd for C H NO C, 77.64; H, 7.49. Found: C, 77.41; H, 7.33.

- A suspension-of 2.5 g. (0.0081 mole) of this acid in 100 ml. of .dry chloroform was treated with dry hydrogen chloride gas until solution was complete; two ml. of thionyl chloride was added andthe mixture wasrefluxed for two hours and concentrated in vacuo. ,The. residue was-crystallized from isopropyl ether. Yield 2 g.; M.P. 118-120.

'Analysis.Calcd for C H CINO: C, 73.27; H, 6.76; N, 4.27.; CI, 10.82.. Found: C, 73.50; H, 6.82; N, 4.38; Cl, 10.68. i

In the manner of the preceding examples, but starting with the appropriate acetonitrile (1V) shown in Preparation 1 or in Table I, or the corresponding acid (VI) or intermediate amide (V) hydrolysis product, the following 4-on1ega-haloalkyl-2-pyrrolidinones are prepared, the halo substituent varying :with the acid halide employed or the halogen ion extraneously introduced into the reaction:

4- [i-chloroethyl )l-3 -allyl-3-phenyl-1-isopropyl-2' pyrrolidinone i a 4- (p-chloroethy1)-3 ,3-dicyclohexyl- 1-,allyl-2-' pyrrolidinone 4- (fi-chloroethyl )'-3 ,3-dimethyl- 1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone 4-(fi-chloroethyl)-3-benzyl-3-pheny1-1-isopropy1-2- pyrrolidinone I 4- (fi-chloroethyl).-3-phenyl-3-( 1-isopropyl-3 -pyrrolidyl) 1-isopropyl-2-py1rolidinone 4-(18-chlo'roethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2- or '3-thienyl),-1-isopr'opyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4- (fi-chloroethyl) -3 -phenyl-3- (2- isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4- fi-chloroethyl -3-phenyl-3 -(p-methoxyphenyl -1- isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4- fl-chloroethy-l -3-phenyl-3-(m-chlorophenyl) 1- isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4- (p-chloroethyl) -3-phenyl-3- (-o-methylphenyl) -1- isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone Y 4- ,8-chloroethyl) -3-methyl-3 -cyclopentyll-isopropyl- Z-pyrrolidinone 4-(fi-chloropropyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone 4- [3-bromopropyl) -3 ,3-diphenyll-isopropyl-Z- pyrrolidinone 4- S-chloroethyl) -4-methyl-3 ,3-diphenyll-isopropyl-Z- pyrrolidinone 4- (fi-chloroethyl) -5-methyla3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl- 2 -pyrrolidinone 4-(gamma-chloropropyl)-3-phenyl 3-(2'apiperidyl)-1- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone v 4-(gamma-chloropropyl) 3-phenyl-3-[4'-(N-methylpiperidyl) ]-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 1 4-(fi-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-l-methyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4-(13-chlorocthyl) -3 ,3 -diphenyll-ethyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4- ('Y-Qhloro-T-propyl) -3 ,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2 pyrrolidinone 4- 8- chloroethyl -3,3-dipheny1- 1-isobutyl-2-pyrrolidinone 4-(,B-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-cyclohexyl 2 pyrrolidinone J 7 1 4 (5 chloroethyl) -3 ,B-diphenyll-benzyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4-(13-chloroethyl) -3-phenyl-3- (2-pyridyl)-'1-benzyl-2-.

pyrrolidinone 4- (,B-chloroethyl) -3 -phenyl-3- (Z-pyridyl) l-isobutyl- 2-pyrrolidinone 4-(fl-chloroethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl) 1-cyclohexyl- 2-pyrrolidinone 4-(fi chloroethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2 pyridy1)-1-n-butyl- 2-pyrrolidinone'.

4 2-pyrrolidinone I 4- (fi chloroethyl -3-pheny-l-3- (Z-pyridyl) -1-ethyl- 2-pyrrolidinone 4-'(fi chloroethyl)r3-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1-methy1-2- pyrrolidinone I 7 w 4- fi-chloroethyl) -3- (p-methoxyphenyl) -3- 2-pyridyl) 1- methyl 2-pyrrolidinone F f 4- fi-chloroethyl .-3,- (p-methoxyphenyl 3- (Z-pyridyl) 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone 7 4- (pi-chloroethyl)-3-isopropyl-3-phenyl-1-ethyl-2-.

pyrrolidinone 4- (fi-chloroethyl) 1,3-diisopropyl-3-phenyl-2- pyrrolidinone 4- (,B -chloroethyl) -3-methyl-3-pheny1-1-isopropyl-2 pyrrolidinone 4-( S-chloroethyl)-3-cyclopentyl-3-phenyl-1 isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone 4- (B-chloroethyl) -3 -cyclohexyl 3-pheny1- l-isopropyl-Z- pyrrolidinone 4-(A-chloro-2-butyl) -3,3-diphenyll-isopropyl-Z-pyrroli- I dinone 4- (w-chlorobutyl -3,3-dipheny1- 1-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone 4- ('y-chloro,B-methylpropyl) -3 3 -diphenyll-isopropyl- 2-pyrrolidinone,

' described, stops short of the acetic acid (VI) stage and rather produces, at least to a major'extcnt, the corresponding a-(1-subst ituted-3-pyrrolidyl)-a,a-disubstitutedacetarnide (V). In other cases, production of the acetamide (V) may be effected by use of more concentrated solutions of acid, e.g., 80100%, and sometimes even as low as 70%, or a lower temperature, thereby to effect only partial hydrolysis of the starting acetonitrile (IV) to the acetarnide (V) rather than to the acid (VI). In such. cases, the desired acid may be obtained from the amide by treating a lower aliphatic acid, e.g., acetic acid, solution of the acetamide (V) with a strong anhydrous mineral acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, together with a suitable source of nitrous acid such as an alkyl nitrite,

e.g., n-butyl nitrite or iso-amyl nitrite. The alkyl nitrite is preferably introduced slowly into the solution of the acetamide with stirring, whereafter the solution is allowed to continue to react for an extended period of up to about 24 hours. Preferably, the solution is allowed to stand at temperatures up to about room temperature for a period of up to about twenty hours, and thereafter at higher temperatures, e.g., up to about 100 degrees centigrade, for a short period to complete hydrolysis to the acid. The resulting acid (VI) may then be isolated in the usual manner, as indicated in the foregoing, or by adding aqueous alkali, e.g., ten percent NaOH, to the hydrolysis reaction mixture to cause neutralization thereof, and thereafter precipitating the solid acid as by acidification of the neutralized solution with a weak acid, such as acetic acid or the like. The acid' (VI) may, however, be con-- verted with or without isolation, as indicated previously, to the corresponding acyl halide or other mixed anhydride, which in turn is rearranged (respectively without or with extraneous halogen ion) to the corresponding'4- haloalkyl-Z-pyrrolidinone. The preparation of the 4-haloalkyl-Z-pyrrolidinone directly from the acetamide (V) without isolation of the intermediate acid v1 is illus-' trated by the following representative example:

i Example 8.4-(B-chloroethyl)-3-tryclopentyl-1-is0pr0pyl- 3-phenyl-2-pyrr0lidinone A solution of 73 g. (0.232 mole) of e-(l-isopropyl-3- pyrrolidyl)-a-cyclopentyl-a-phenylacetamide in 200 ml. of glacial acetic acid was saturated with anhydrous hydrogen chloride and 47.9 g. (0.464 mole) of n-butyl nitrite was added slowly below the surface over a two-hour period While the solution was being stirred. The temperature of the mixture was controlled at 2 6-30" during the addition, and then at room temperature for fifteen hours (overnight) and then at for three hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in 100 ml. of chloroform. The chloroform solution was washed with water and concentrated, and the residue refluxed in 500 ml. of thionyl chloride for two hours. The excess thionyl chloride was removed in vacuo, the residue dissolved in chloroform, and the resulting solution washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was distilled. B.P. 178-180 0.03 mm. Dis tillate was crystallized from ligroin (B.P. 65-110"). Yield 57.3 g. (74% M.P. 74.5-77.5.

4 (13 chloroe'thyl) 1,3 di isopropyl 3 phenyl- 2-pyrrolidinone and 4 ((3 chloroethyl) 3 cyclohexyl- 1-isopr0pyl-3-phenyl-Q-pyrrolidinone were prepared in the manner of Example 8 from a-(l-is-opropyl-3-pyrrolidyl)- u-phenyl-u-isopropylacetamide and a-(1-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidyl)-a-cyclohexyl-a-phenylacetamide, respectively.

Although in going from the acetonitrile (IV) to the acid (VI) the iacetamide (V) is an obvious and constant intermediate, it is seldom intentionally isolated in practice. However, its isolation is sometimes of advantage, as where hydrolysis under the conditions required to produce the acetic acid (VI) are such as may cause at least partial decarboxylation of the acid with resulting low yields thereof. An example of the preparation and isolation of an a,'a,a-trisubstituted acetamide follows:

A solution of 150 g. (0.507 mole) of a-cyclopenty -a- (1 isopropyl-3-pyrro-lidyl)-a-phenylacetonitrile in 800 g. of 70% sulfuric acid was heated at 147 for 48 hours. The solution was poured onto ice, made basic with 50% sodium hydroxide and extracted with chloroform. The chloroform extract was washed with Water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was distilled in vacuo. Yield g. (66%); B.P. 2 21225/ 0.20 mm. r

Analysis.-Calcd for C H N O: C, 76.38; H, 9.62; N, 8.91. Found: C, 73.77; H, 9.39; N, 9.58.

Example 10.-Aa'diti0 nal amides Other representative amides, prepared and isolated in the manner of Example '9 and purified by cooling, basifying, and extracting, washing, drying and concentrating in conventional manner, are as follows:

. All of the foregoing acetamides (V) may be used as isolated in the preparation of the corresponding 4-haloalkyl- 2-pyrrolidinone without purification. I

The physical constants of some representative 4-. (omega-haloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones, made from the acetonitrile (IV) via the amide (V), acid (VI) and via rearrangement of acyl halide (VII), with or without isolation Example 11 .3,3-diphenyl-4-(Z-hydrOxyethyZ) -1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone A solution of 34 g. (0.093 mole) of 4-(2 -acetoxyethyl)- 3,3-diphenyl-1isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and'four g. (0.1 mole) of sodium hydroxide in 45 0 ml, of ethanol and ten ml. of water was stirred and refluxed, for one hour and r Table II REPRESENTATIVE 4-(OME GA-HALOALKYL)-2-PYRROLIDINONES 1 R RI! 7 A- on R") nOHlV'OHIW-X I! O- N R Analysis M.P. R' R A X n (13.5.), C H N ,Misc. Caled. Calcd. Calcd. Caled. Found Found Found Found 011:... 0011 C Cl 0 140-1 72. 71 6. 42 4. 46 C1, 11. 72. 87 I 6. 44 4. 48 11. 05 CqFI'K C(Fh CRT'TK Cl 0 117-9 73. 27 6. 76 4. 27 C1, 10.82 73. 50 6. 82 4. 10. 68 CJFh CIIHR GATT Br 0 129-30 64. 52 5. 96 3. 76 B1, 21. 47 Y 64. 26 5. 99 3. 96 21; 39 l-CaH-i CQHE 0 H; Cl 0 106-8 73. 77 7. 08' 4. 10 C], 10.37 I

73. 52 6. 79 4. 16 10. 10 1-CaH1. CAFI'K CH5 Cl 0 102-4 68. 67 7. 93 5. 01 C1, 12. 67 68. 84 7. 73 5. 16 12. 39 i-CaH-y CaHs Cl 0 95-5 70. 22 8. 51 4. 55 C1, 11. 52 70. 19 8. 41 4. 62 11. 29 1-C H 05H Cl 0 74. 5-75 71. 93 8. 4. 20 72. 15 8. 16 4. 21 l-C3H7 0 H; -1 C1 0 109-11 72.49 I 8.69 4.03 72. 54 8. 68 I 4. 17 1-C4Hn CaHs Cl 0 113. 5-4. 5 74. 24 7. 36 3. 94 74. 37 7. 45 3.98 cy-CdEI CeHa Cl 0 151-2 75. 47 7.39 3. 67

. 75. 50 7. 86 3. 82 CQHQCH: CaHs Cl 0 110 77. 05 6. 18 3. 59 77. 28 5. 99 3. 69 l-CaHz- CnFh I 0 147-149 58. 20 6. 58

58.05 5. 37 i-CgHi 0 H O1 1 85-86. 5 74. 24 I 7.36 3.04 74. 51 7. 37 4. 03 0 H; 0 H] 3-pyrldyl Cl 0 100-103 69. 39 6.44 r s9. 31 6.28

Side-chain CJFT: GATT: C(Fli O1 0 150-153 73. 77 7. 08 4.10 -CHCH3CHgv 73. 92 6. 92 4. 34 CORR CKHR (3513's C1 0 141-142 73. 77 7. 0S 4. 10 CH OHCH3- l B. equals H, except last two compounds where one R equals CH3.

As indicated in the foregoing discussion and Chart 2, the 4-(omega-hal0alkyl)-2-pyrrolidin'ones are convertible into numerous other corresponding 4-.(omega substituted alkyl)-2 pyrrolidinones. The various omega substituents are generally introduced into the 4-alkyl group of the 2-pyrroli-dinoneby displacement of the omega halogen with an appropriate basic residue. These reactions are generally carried out by heating an alkali metal, e.g., sodium, salt of an alcohol, phenol, inorganic acid, or organic acid with the 1,3,3-trisubstitu-ted-4-(omega-haloal-kyl)-'2-pyrrolidinone in an appropriate solvent followed by a conventional isolation of the product.

The 4-omega-hydroxyalkyl compounds may be prepared by direct hydrolysis of the corresponding omega-haloalkyl compound according to conventional basic hydrolysis pro cedure, but yields are less than optimum and it is there-. fore preferred to convert the halo-alkyl compound to an acy-loxy, e.g., lower-alkanoyloxy such as acetoxy, cornpound and thereafter hydrolyze according to conventional basic hydrolysis procedure to the .hydroxy gr up, which has the advantage of excellent yields.

The 4-(p-hydroxyethyl) derivatives were, for-example, prepared by hydrolyzing the acetates with aqueous sodium hydroxide as per the following example.

vent, according to standard procedure, as indicated by Example 12, or by the direct route involving acylation of the starting acetic acid '(VI)'with the appropriate acid onhydride to produce the mixed anhyd-ride, in this case.

the acyl-ate, and then continuing the reaction in the presence of suitable solvent, e.g., more :of the acid anhydride, with heating to cause rearrangement thereof to the desired v4 (omega-acyloxyalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone. V In this case, referring to Chart 3, the symbols Y and Q are the same, both being the acylate radical. The direct acylation reaction via rearrangement of the acylate of the acid (VI) is illustrated by Example 13.

Example -1 2.- -4-(2-ctc'et0xyethyl) -3,3-diphenyl-1-is0- propyl-Z-pyrrolidinone A mixture of eighteen g. (0.22 mole) of sodium acetate and seventy g. (0.205 mole) of 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3:diphenyl-l-isopropyl-2-pyrrolid-inone in 500 ml. of d-imethylfor-mamide was stirred and refluxed for fifteen hours, partitioned between 500 ml. of water and 500 ml. of chloroform, and the layers separated. The chloroform layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo, and the residue crystallized from 85 aqueous methanol. Yield 54 g. (72%); M.P. 9194.

Example 13.4-(2-acct0xyethyl) -3,3-diphenyl1-isoprpyl-2 -pyrrolidin0ne A mixture of 2.50 g.. (0.0077 mole) of a,a-diphenyl-a- (=1-isopropy1-3-pyrrolidyl)-acetic acid and twenty ml. "acetic anhydride was refiuxed five hours. Water (60 ml.) was then added cautiously and an oil separated which crystallized on cooling. The solid was collected and recrystallized from methanol and water (2: 1). Yield, 1.65 g.

(59%); M.P. 92- 945 A mixture melting point with an authentic sample was undepressed.

i The 4 (omega-mercaptoalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones are prepared by the conventional halogen displacement reaction using an alkali metal hydrogen sulfide, in accord with the manner of Example :14.

A solution of 16.2 g. (0.176 mole) of sodium hydrogen sulfide dihydrate and thirty g. (0.088 mole) of 4-(2-chlo- I roethyl)-3,3-d-iphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone in 400 ml. of 85% ethanol was refluxed for seven hours and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between chloroform and water and the chloroform layer dried over with an alkyl, e.g., methyl bromide is illustrated by the following Example 15.

Example 15.3,3-diphenyl-1-is0pr0pyl 4- (Z-methylmercaptoethyl) -2-pyrrolidin0ne A solution of 11.5 g. (0.12 mole) of methyl bromide in 200 ml. of absolute ethanol was added to a solution of twenty g. (0.059 mole) of 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-4-(2- mercaptoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone in 200 ml. of absolute ethanol in which 1.5 g. (0.065 gram atom) of sodium had been dissolved. The solution was stirred at room temperature for four hours and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between water and chloroform. The chloroform was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was crystallizedfr-om 70% ethanol. Yield 20 g. (9 6%); M.P. 123-125.

The 4-(omega-ether substituted)-2-pyrrolidinones, e.g., the lower-alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and like compounds, are prepared from the corresponding 4-haloalkyl compounds by conventional replacement of the halogen atom using an alkali metal alcohol-ate or an alkali metal, e.g., sodium, solution of the selected alcohol, the alcohol or alcohol moiety in either case correspondingto the group desired to appear in the omega position of the '4-alkyl group. Some representative ether formations are illustrated by Examples -16- and 17.

Example 1 6.3,3-diphenyl-1-fsopropyl-4 (fi-methoxyethyl) -2-pyrrolz'dinon A solution of 34 g. (0. 1 mole) of 4 (2-ch-loroethyl)- 3,-'3-diphenyl-'1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone in 150 ml. of absolute methanol was added to fifty ml. of absolute methanol in which 2.5 g. (0.11 gram atom) of sodium had been dissolved. The solution was heated in a closed system for sixteen hours at 140. Additionv of fifty ml. of water to the resulting mixture yielded 27.5 g. (81%) of material which was recrystallized from a methanol-water mixture. M.P. 105-106.

3,3-diphenyl-d-isobutyl-4-(,B-rnethOxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone was prepared in the manner of Example 16 from 4 (2 chloroethyl) 3,3 diphenyl-l-isobutyl-2-PYrrol-idinone and; sodium methoxide.

Example 1 7.3,3-diphenyl-1-isopfopyl-4-(B-phenoxyethyl) -2-pyrrolidinone was added. The resulting solution was refluxed for seven hour-sand concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between water and chloroform. The chloroform layer wasdried with anhydroussodiu-rn sulfate and concen-.

trated in vacuo and'the residue crystallized from an ethanol-water mixture. Yield 17 g. (48.5% M.P. 104-100.

3,3-diphcnyl 1 isopropyl-4 [B (o-methoxyphenoxy)- ethylJ-Z-pyrrolidinone was prepared in the manner of Example 17 from 4-(fl-chloroethyl)-3,3-d-iphenyl-l i-sopropyl- 2-pyrrolidinoneand the sodium salt of guaiacol, and the 3 3 -diphenyl-1 -iso pro pyl-4 fi-b enzyloxyethyl) -2-pyrrolidinone is prepared in identical manner from 4-(/3-chlor0- ethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and sodium benzyloxide.

The 4+alkyl derivatives, that is, those compounds in which the omega substituent is hydrogen, are prepared by reducing the corresponding 4-omega-haloalkyl compound using a metal-acid combination according to the following example, indicating a further use of some of the compounds of the present invention.

Example 18.-3,3-diphenyl-4-ethyl-1-isopr0pyl-2- pyrrolidinone A solution of v25 g. (0.073 mole) of 4-'(2-chloroethyl)- 3.3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone, 25 g. of potas sium bromide and sixty m1. of 48% hydrobromi-c acid in 250 ml. of acetic acid was stirred and refluxed for two hours followed by addition of sixty g. of zinc dust in small-portions. Another sixty ml. of 48% hydrobromic acid was added dropwise' over a two-hour period to the refluxing solution and it was allowed to stand overnight at ioomjtemperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between chloroform and dilute sodium hydroxide. The chloroform layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated, and the residue was crystallized from aqueous ethanol. Yield nine g. (40%); M.P. -97.'

3,3-diphenyl-4-ethyl-l-isobutyl 2 pyrrolidinone, M.P. 94-96.5, was prepared in the manner of Example 18 from the corresponding 4-(fl-chloroethyl) compound.

In the manner of the preceding discussion and particularly in accord with Example 11, or by direct hydrolysis of the corresponding 4-omega-haloalkyl-2-pyrrolidinone 4-(fl-n1ercaptoethyl) -3,3-dipheny1-1-cyc1ohexyl) -2- pyrrolidinone 4- fl-b enzyloxyethyl) -3,3-diphenyl-1-benzyl-2- pyrrolidinone 4-[13- (m-chlorophenoxy) -ethyl] -3 -phenyl-3 (2-pyridy1) 1- benzyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4- B-prop oxyethyl-3 -pheny1-3 (2-pyridyl-1 -isobutyl- 2-pyrrolidinonev 4- B-octyloxyethyl -3 -phenyl-3- (2-pyridyl l-cyclohexyl- 2-pyrrolidinone 4-(13-ethy1mercaptoethy1 -3-phenyl-3- (Z-pyridyl) 1-nbutyl-Z-pyrrolidinone 4- 8- (o-methylphenoxy) -ethy1] -3-phenyl-3- (2-pyridy1) 1-isopropy1-2-pyrrolidinone 4- (fi-valeroxyethyl) -3 -pheny1-3 (2-pyridyl) -1-ethyl-2- pyrrolidinone 26 4-(A-acetoxy-2-butyl) -3,3-dipheny1- l-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone 4- ('y-methoxybutyl) -3 ,3-diphenyl-1-isopropy1-2- pyrrolidinone 4- (y-acetoxy-B-methylpropyl -3,3-diphenylhisopropyl-Z- pyrrolidinone.

While the foregoing products are representative 4-(ome- -ga-substituted alkyl-Z-pyrrolidinone compounds, produced Table III 4-(OMEGA-SUBSTITUTED ALKYL)-2-PYRROLIDINONES 1 A (CHRII)BCHRII CHRII B II O- N R Analysis M.P. R R A B D. C H N Misc Oalcd. Oalcd. Calcd. Calcd. Found Found Found Found 1? i-C3H C 11 C5115 O-CC H3 0 91-4 75. 5S 7. 45 3. 83 75. 75 7. 32 3. 9O i-C3H1 CflHfi 00115.... SH 0 104-7 74. 29 7. 42 4. 13 74. 54 7. 54 4. 23 i-C3E7 C H5 CeH5 S-CHQ 0 123-5 74. 74 7. 70 3. 96 74. 87 7. 91 4. 15

i-C H9 C5115 CaHs O-C H3 0 86. 7 78. 59 8. 32 3. 99 78. 58 8. 21 4. 04 1-0311; C0115 CaHa O-GH: 0 105-6 78. 3O 8. O7 4. 15 78. 1O 7. 90 4. 17 i-C3H1 C45H5 00115 O-C H5 0 104-6 81. 17 7. 32 3. 51 81. 32 7. 40 3. 53 i-C3H7 C T: 0- OEL 0 180-2 77. 98 7. 79 4. 33 78. 7. 90 4. 32 i-CsH1 Cans CoHs OH 1 142-143 78. 8. 07 4. 15 78. 24 8. 03 4. 20

i-C3H7 0 H; CaHs O 0 135-7 78. 29 7. 28 3. 26 78. 03 7. 3. 42 G 11 0 1-03117 C H5 CuHs 0 0 O( 0 104-105 75. 67 6. 59 6. 54 75. 52 6. 51 6. 39

1433111 0 m CBHIS -0 o o- 0 111-112 75.82 6.59 3.16

1 B equals other than halogen or amino; attached through oxygen or sulfur at omega position; R equals hydrogen.

The 4-(omega-cyanoalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones are prepared in conventional manner by reaction of the selected 4-haloalky1-2-pyrrolidin-one with an alkali metal cyanide, e.g., sodium cyanide, usually by heating the reactants together in a suitable organic solvent, preferably dimethylformamide or the like. This procedure can be applied equally well to the 4(B-haloalkyl) compounds and the 4- (y-haloalkyl) compounds, in each case to introduce the cyano group in place of the halogen atom, and thus to extend the 4-alky1 carbon chain. A representative emample of this procedure is given in Example 19.

Example 19.3,3-diphenyl-1-is0pr0pyl-2-pyrrolidin0ne-4- propionz'trz'le A mixture of 342 g. (1.0 mole) of 4-chloroethyi-3,3- diphcnyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 75 g. (1.5 mole) of sodium cyanide in one liter of dimethylformamide was stirred and heatedto a temperature of 100 over a one hour period, and this temperature was maintained for an additional three hours. The mixture was poured into'ice water and the precipitated white crystalline solid filtered and recrystallized from isopropanol. Yield, 288 g. (87%); M.P. 150-151".

The 4-(omega-carboxyalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones are prepared .by conventional acid hydrolysis of the corresponding 4-(omega-cyanoalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones, employing a concentrated mineral acid reagent in the same manner as previously given for hydrolysis of the nitrile (IV) to the acid (VI) A reaction period of 24 hours and a temperature not in excess of 100 degrees is usually adequate. The following Example 20 indicates the hydrolysis procedure employed.

Example 20.-3,3-diphe'nyl-1-is0pr0pyl-Z-pyrrolidinane- 4-pr0pi0nic acid A mixture of 94 g. (0.28 mole) of 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone-4-propionitrile and 500 ml. of

70% sulfuricv acid was stirred and heated at 80-90 for ,esterification catalyst, e.g., hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, cation exchange resins, or an aromatic sulfonic acid such as benzene or p-toluene sulfonic acid, preferably with removal of either the ester product or water of reaction if optimum yields are desired. Alternatively, the acid may be reacted with a diazoalkane, e.g., diazomethane, in

excellent yield, or an alkyl halide may be reacted with an alkali metal salt of the acid, in usual manner. Alternatively, the .acid may first be converted to an acid halide as by treatment with thionyl chloride or bromide, phos- I Example 21.3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl-Z-pyrr01idin0ne-4- propionyl chloride A suspension of 144 g.-(0.41 mole) of 3,3diphenyl-1- isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinonel-propionic acid in 500 ml. of dry benzene was treated at 20-25 dropwise with stirring with 97.5 grams (0.82 mole) of thionyl chloride. The resulting solution was refluxed for one hour and concentrated in vacuo The residue was crystallized from benzene. M.P.141.5-143.5.

Example 22.Ethyl 3,3-diphenyZ-1isopnopyl-Fpyrrolidin0ne-4-pr0pi0nate To 200 ml. of dry ethanol was added 2.05 g. (0.09 mole) of sodium. When solution was complete thirty g. (0.08 mole) of 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone- 4-propio'nyl chloride in 300 ml. of dry ethanol was added rapidly (the ethanolic sodium ethoxide was hot when the acid chloride was added but the resulting reaction appeared not to be exothermic). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between 250 ml. of chloroform and 250 ml. of :water. The chloroform solution was dried over anhydrous so-dium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was crystallized from 70% ethanol. Yield, 23 g. (75%). MP. 84-85". Recrystallized from 70% methanol; M.P. 84-85 C.

Analysis.-Calcd for C H NO C, 75.96; H,.7.70; N, 3.69. Found: C. 76.14; H, 7.85; N, 3.79.

The '4-(omega-carbamylalkyl) 2 pyrrolidinones are prepared by reaction of ammonia or an amine with a 4-(omega-carbalkoxyalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone or the acid halide of a 4-(omega-carb-oxyalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone, preferably the latter. The reaction is usually conducted using cold concentrated ammonium hydroxide to produce the primary amide, and using a primary or secondary amine in hydrocarbon, e.g., benzene, solvent at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent involved, usually 20-80" centigrade, to, produce the primary or secondary amine-containing carbamyl radicals, such as N-phenylor N-(loweraikyD-carbamyl and N,N-di-(lower-alkyl)-carbamyl, as well as NJI- (monocyclic alkyl or saturated heterocyclic)- carbamyl radicals, wherein the saturated monocyclic heterocyclic radical is as set forth hereinbefore under the definition of amino. Representative of the preparation of various types of 4-(omega-carbamylalkyl)-2- pyrrolidinones are Examples 23, 24, and 25, which immediately follow.

Example 23.-3,3 diphenyl-l-isopropyZ-Z-pyrrolidinone- 4-pr0picmamide 3,3 diphenyl 1 isopropyl 2 pyrrolidinone 4 propionyl chloride 54 g. (0.146 mole), was added in small portions to cold, concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution. The mixture was stirred vigorously during the addition and for an additional half hour and the resulting solid was filtered, washed with water and crystallized from a chloroform-ligroin mixture. Yield, 46 g. MP. 203.5-205".

Example 24.3,3 diphenyl-I-isopropyZ-Z-pyrrolidinone- 4-(N-methylpr0pionamide) A solution of 7.75 g. (0.25 mole) of methylamine in ml. of benzene was added dropwise, with stirring to a suspension of 25 g. (0.068 mole) of 3,3-diphenyl-liscpropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone-4-propionyl chloride in benzene. After addition, the preparation was brought slowly to reflux and reflux continued for one hour. The solvent was vaporated and the residue crystallized from methanol. Yield, 84%; M.P. -171.

Example 25.-3,3 diphenyI-Lisopropyl-Z-pyrr0lidinone- 4- (N ,N-dimethylpropionamide) 3,3 diphenyl 1 isopropyl 2 Pyrmlidinone 4- (N,Ndimethylpropionamide) was prepared in the manner of Example 24 from 3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone-4-propionyl chloride and dimethylamine, M.P. 149-150".

The 4-(omega-acylalkyl)-pyrrolidincnes are prepared from the corresponding 4-(omega-chlorocarbonylalkyl) compounds by reaction with dialkyl cadmium reagents or from the corresponding 4-(omega-cyanoalkyl) compounds by reactionwith a Grignard reagent RMgX, according to conventional procedure for such type reactions. The following example illustrates the preparation of the 4- omega-acylalkyl -2-pyrrolidinones.

I and 30 follow.

29 Example 26.3,3 diphenyl-1-is0propyl-4-(B-propionylethyl) 2 pyrrolidinone [3,3 diphenyl 1 isopropyl- 2-pyrr0lidin0ne-4- (3 -pentanne) 1 A' Grignard reagent was prepared from 10.9 grams (0.1 mole) of'ethyl bromide and 2.4 grams (0.1 mole) of magnesium in 100 milliliters of dry ethyl ether. The reagent was cooled andten grams (0.055 mole) of cadmium chloride was addecl a'nd the resulting mixture was refluxed for one hour. The ether was removed by distillation and 200 milliliters of dry toluene was added and this mixture was heated at ninety degrees for thirty V 60% aqueous ethanol and melted 120-1225".

Arzalysis.-Calcd for C H NO C, 79.30; H, 8.04; N, 3.85. Found: C, 79.47; H, 8.07; N, 4.06.

It will be obvious that, in the event it is desired that the carbon chain at the 4 position of the pyrrolidinone nucleus be greater than two carbon atoms, this is conveniently accomplished by starting with the appropriate two carbon atom side-chain omega-haloalkyl compound and preparing the omega-nitrile in accord with the foregoing disclosure and in particular accord with Example 19. This nitrile may then be converted to the acid, also as shown in the foregoing and'particularly in accord with Example 20, which in turn may be converted to the acid halide, as previously discussed and particularly in accord with Example 21, or converted to an ester as fully described hereinbefore and particularly illustrated by Example 22. Either the acid halide, e.g., chloride, or the ester may be converted to the corresponding omega-hydroxyalkyl compound by reduction, the ester with sodium and alcohol, or the acid halide with sodium borohydride, in accord with conventional procedure, as respectively illustrated by Examples 27 and 28. The 4-(omega-hydroxyalkyl) compound is then reacted with a suitable halogenating agent, e.g., thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, the corresponding bromo reagents, or the like,

. to replace the hydroxy group by'a halogen atom and produce the corresponding omega-haloalkyl compound in accord with Example 29. This in turn may be reacted with an alkali metal cyanide to again produce the nitrile in accord with Examples 19 and 30, in each case having a side-chain containing one carbon atom more than the starting 4-(omega-h-aloalkyD-Z-pyrrolidinone with which the reaction sequence originates. Examples 27, 28, 29

xample 27.-3,3 diphenyl-4-('y-hydroxypropyl)-1-is0 propyl-Z-pyrrolidinone To a boiling solution of five g. (0.013 mole) of ethyl 3,3 diphenyl .1 isopropyl 2 pyrrolidinone 4 pro pionate in fifty ml. of absolute ethanol was added as rapidly as possible two g. (0.087 mole) of sodium. The reaction of the sodium with the alcohol was completed by heating to reflux. The unreacted ester was hydrolyzed by adding thirty ml. of water and refluxing one hour. The solvent was removed on the rotary evaporator and the residue partitioned between 100 ml. of water and 100 m1. of chloroform. The chloroform solution was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and the residue crystallized. Yield, 1.6 g'. (36%); M.P. after recrystallization from 50% ethanol 140141.5.

30 Analysis.-Calcd for C i-i NO z C, 78.30; H, 8.07; N, 4.15. Found: C, 78.24; H, 8.03; N, 4.20.

Example 28.-3,3 diphenyl-4-(gamma-hydroxypropyl)- 1-is0pr0pyl-2-pyrr0lidin0ne To a suspension of ten g. of sodium borohydride in 100 ml. of dry dioxane was added rapidly and with stirring 25 g. (0.0675 mole) of 3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone-4-propionyl chloride in 200 ml. of dry dioxan. The mixture was stirred at reflux for four hours, cooled to :room temperature and 100 ml. of water added carefully- The mixture was partitioned between 500 ml. of water and 300 ml. of chloroform. The water layer was extracted with another 300 ml. of chloroform; the chloroform solution combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated on the rotary evaporator. The residue was crystallizedv from 70% ethanol and recrystallized twice from isopropyl ether. Yield, ten g. (44%);

M.P. 142-143. A mixed melting point with a sample from the previous example gave no depression.

Example 29.4 (gamma-chloropropyl) -3,3-diphenyl 1- isopropyl-2-pyrr0lidin0ne A solution of 7.4 g. (0.062 mole) of thionyl chloride in fifty ml. of chloroform was added dropwise to a solution of 10.5 g. (0.031 mole) of 3,3-diphenyl-4-(gamma-hydroxypropyl)-l-isopropyl 2 pyrrolidinone and 4.9 g. (0.062 mole) of pyridine in 100 ml. of chloroform with Y stirring and ice bath cooling. When addition was complete the mixture was heated to reflux and maintained there for five hours, and then cooled with an ice bath. 100 ml. of water was added with stirring followed by fifty ml. of three Normal hydrochloric acid. The chloroform layer was separated, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo and the residue crystal lized from 150 ml. of ca. 60% ethanol. Yield, eight g. (72.5%); M.P. -86.5.

Example 30.3,3-diphenyl-1isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone-4- butyronitrile. [4-(3-cyan0pr0pyl)-3,3-diphenyl 1 isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone] A mixture of 3.9 grams (0.08 mole) of sodium cyanide, 9.2 grams (0.026 mole) of 4-(3-chloropropyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and milliliters of dimethyl formamide was stirred at reflux for seventeen hours. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized twice from isopropyl alcohol. Yield, five grams (55%); M.P. 107-108. A constant melting point of 126127 was obtained after several additional crystallizations.

Analysis.-Calcd for CggHzsNzOi C, 79.73; H, 7.57; N, 8.09. Found: C, 79.53; H, 7.38; N, 7.95.

The resulting 4-(gamma-halopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinones and 4-(A-halobu-tyl)-2-pyrrolidinones are reacted with the same reagents as shown in Examples 12 and 14 through 17 to produce the corresponding 4-(gamma-substitutedpropyl)-2-pyrrolidinones and 4-(A-substituted-butyl)-2- pyrrolidinones. Moreover, the 4-(gamma-cyanopropyl)- 2-pyrroldinone's are additionally converted to further corresponding 4-(gamma-carboxypropyl) -2-pyrrolidinones, 4- (gamma-carbalkoxypropyl) -2-pyrrolidinones, 4- (gammacarbamylpropyl)-2-pyrrolidinones, and 4-(gamma-alkanoylpropyl)-2-pyrr0lidin0nes, as already fully discussed hereinbefore and illustrated by Examples 20 through 26.

Compounds produced in this manner, for example, are included in the following.

In the manner of the precedingExamples 19 through 26, starting With the appropriate nitrile, which is itself prepared by reaction of alkali metal cyanide with the corresponding 4-(omega-haloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone, the following compounds are prepared, the nitriles, acids, acid 3]. halides, acid esters, and acid amides being prepared from the starting materials indicated:

4- (fl-carb oxyethyl -3-allyl-3-pheny1-1-isopropyl-2- pyrrrolidinone from the corresponding 19- cyanoethyl compound by acid hydrolysis.

4- fl-carbomethoxyethyl) -3 ,3-dicyc1ohexy1-1-a11y1-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-carboxyethyl compound by acid esterification with methanol.

4-(fl-carbethoxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-I-phenyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-carboxyethyl compound by acid esterification with ethanol.

4- (B- carbob enzoxyethyl -3 -benzyl-3 phenyl-1-isopropyl- 2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding 8-carboxyethyl compound by acid esterification with benzylalcohol.

4- fi-chlorocarbonylethyl) -3-phenyl-3- l-isopropyl- 3-pyrrol-idyl)1-isopropylQ-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-carboxyethyl compound and thionyl chloride.

4-( S-carboisopropoxyethyl')-3-phenyl-3-(2- or 3-thienyl)- 1-isopropyl-2-pyrro1idinone from the corresponding {3- chlorocarbonylethyl compound and sodium isopropoxide.

4- fl-carbamylethyl) -3-phenyl3- (2- or 3-thieny1) -1- isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and ammonia.

4-(18-N-methyl carbamylethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and methyl-.

amine.

4-(B-N,N-dimethyl carbamylethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(mchlorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone, from the corresponding fl-chlorocarbonylethyl compound, and dimethylamine.

4-(fl-N-benzy1 carbamylethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(o-methy1- phenyl)-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and benzylamine.

4-(fi-piperidinocarbonylethyl)-3-methy1-3-cyc1opentyll-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloro-carbonylethyl compound and piperidine.

4- (fl-cyanopropyl) -3,3-diphenyll-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-chloropropyl compound and sodium cyanide.

4- (,B-hexamethyleneiminocarbonylethyl) -3 ,3 -dipheny1-1- isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding [3- chlorocarbonylpropyl compound and hexamethyleneimine.

4- fl-pyrrolidinocarb onylethyl -4-methyl-3 ,3 -diphenyl-1- isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding 3- chlorocarbonylethyl compound and pyrrolidine.

4- flcyano ethyl) -5-methy1-3 ,3 -diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-bromoethyl compound and sodium cyanide.

4-(gamma-cyanopropyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2'-piperidyl)-1- methyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding I gamma-chloropropyl compound and sodium cyanide. 4-(gamma-morpholinocarbonylpropyl)-3-phenyl-3-[4- (N-methylpiperidyl) ]-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding gamma-chlorocarbonylpropyl compound and morpholine.

4- (v-propiony1-2'-propyl -3 ,3-dipheny1-1-isopropy1-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding 'y-Chl0rOCal' bonyl-2'-propyl compound and diethyl cadmium.

4- fl-benzoylethyl) -3,3-diphenyll-isobutyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-cyanoethyl compound and phenyl magnesium bromide.

4-(fi-phenylacetylethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-l-cyclohexyl-Z- pyrrolidinone from'the corresponding fl-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dibenzylcadmium.

4- fi-butyrylethyl) -3 ,3-diphenyll-benzyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dipropyl cadmium.

4- fi-carb oxyethyl).-3-phenyl-3- (2-pyridy1) -1-benzyl-.2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-cyanoethyl compound by acid hydrolysis.

4- fl-bromocarb onylethyl )'-3 -phenyl-3- (2-pyridy1)-1- isobutyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding )8- carboxyethyl compound and phosphorus tribromide.

4- (fi-carbethoxyethyl) -3-pheny 1 -3- (2-pyridy1)-1-cyc1ohexy1-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloro carbonylethyl compound and sodium ethoxide.

4-(fi-carbutoxyethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)- 1-n-buty1- Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and sodium butoxide.

4-(,8 N,N dimethylcarbamylethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylamine.

4-(fl-carbamy1ethyl) 3 phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1-ethyl-2 pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chlorocarbonyl-ethyl compound and ammonia.

4-(B-carboisopropoxyethyl) 3 phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1- methyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and sodium isopropoxide.

4-(,fi-carboisobutoxyethyl) 3 (p-methoxyphenyD-B-(Z- pyridyl)-l-methyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and sodium isobutoxide.

4-(.8-N,N dimethylcarbamylethyl) 3 (p-methoxyphenyl)-3-(Z-pyridyl)1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylamine.

4-(6 N,N dimethylcarbamylethyl)-3-(p-methoxyphen- I yl)-3-(2-pyridyl)-lisopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylamine. 4-( 6-N,N-dimethylcarbamylethyl) 3-isopropyl-3-phenyll-ethyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylamine. 4-(fl-N,N-dimethylcarbamylethyl) 1,3 di-isopropyl-3- phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylamine. 4-(,8-N,N dimethylcarbamylethyl)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-1- isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding 5- chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylamine. 4-(,8-N,N dimethylcarbamylethyi)-3-cyc1opentyl-3-phenyl-l-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylamine. 4-(/3-N,N dimethylcarbamylethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3-phenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chlorocarbonylethyl compound and dimethylarnine. 4-(A-cyano 2-butyl)-3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding chloro compound and sodium cyanide. 4-(gamma-cyanobutyl)-3,3-diphenyl 1 isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding chloro compound and sodium cyanide. 4-(gamma-cyano-B-methylpropyl) 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding chloro compound and sodium cyanide.

The physical constants of some representative 4-(omegasubstituted alkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones, wherein the omega substituent is attached through a carbon atom, are shown in Table IV.

Table IV A- (HR" ..oHR"0Hn"-B II 0 N R 1 .Analysls M.P. R R A B n (12.5.), C H N Calcd. Calcd. Galcd. Found Found Found i-C H7 CA"! CAPT CN. 0 150. -151 79. 48 7. 2B 8. 43 79. 21 7. O8 8. 27 i-C3H7 C9115 CflHfi C O OH 0 175-176 71. 18 7. 17 74. 99 7. 29

11 i-CaH1 0 H; C5115 C-N 0 149-150 76. 7. 99 I a 75. so 7.89

(6 l-C3H7 C513 OQHE C-NHz 0 203. 5-205 75. 40 7. 48 75. 7. 68

l-CaH1 05115-..- CeHn C--N-CH3 0 170-171 75, 79 7. 74

' if C) i-CaH'; CaH5 ooHs C-N 0 144-445 77. 74 C 6 77. 54

(I? i-C3H7 C5115 c511 C-N 0 179. 5-180 77. 19 7. 97 77. 25 7. 89

(I? i-CaH'! CQHE C 115 CO CzHs 0 84-85 75. 96 7. 3. 69 76. 14 7. 85 3. 79

i CzH' C0115 CaHa CN 1 126-127 79. 73 7. 57 8. O9 7 9. 53 7. 38 7. (lfl) i-CaH1 C5H5 C5115 C-NHCrHflIl)-.. O 113. 5-114 76. 81 8. 43 76. 69 8. 28 t r i O3 7 0615150."- C511 O-N O 0 157. 55-158. 5 74. 25 7. 67 74. 24 7. 60

i ll i-CsH7 C H5 C5115 C-CzH5 0 120-122. 5 79. 30 8. 04 3. 85 79. 47 8. 07 4. 06

Side-chain CZHE Can't c CN (1 177480 4g -CHCH:CHT- .0

1 B=other than amino; attached through carbon at omega position; R" equals hydrogen (except last compound where one B equals 0H The 4-(omega-aminoalkyl) -2-pyrrolidinone compounds 1 are generally prepared by heating a solution of the selected peratures below C. frequently require undesirably lengthy reaction periods. Pressure to the extent generated'in a sealed system is frequently employed to facilitate the reaction. The amine is usually employed in excess, at

least two molar equivalents of the amine being preferred 75" per each molar equivalent of starting halogen compound. The resulting solution of the amine reaction product is concentrated, as in vacuo, and the amine product isolated, usually as the crystalline hydrohalide salt corresponding to the omega-halogen in the starting omega-haloalkyl compound. In most cases the hydrohalide salt, e.g., the hydrochloride, crystallizes as the hydrate. In cases where a crystalline salt is difficult or impossible to obtain, the free basic amine itself may be distilled and crystallized from a solvent or solvent mixture or alternatively isolated as an oil by fractional distillation. Extraction of the reaction product with a suitable solvent, e.g., ether, benzene, toluene, or ethyl acetate, frequently assists in recovering all of the available product for isolation by crystallization or the like and concentrated acid, e.g., two Normal HCl, or anhydrous ketones, e.g., methyl ethyl ketone, are frequently of value as the solvent or medium from which crystallization or recrystallization is effected. Where the free base is desired, this may be obtained conventionally by,

neutralizing the reaction product or a solution of the isolated salt:with a base such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or other suitable alkaline material, extracting the liberated base with a suitable solvent such as ethyl acetate or benzene, drying the extract and evaporating to dryness in vacuo or fractionally dis tilling, or in other conventional manner. Numerous acid addition as well as quaternary ammonium (onium) salts may be prepared from the free bases, either isolated or without isolation from the reaction product, as already indicated in the foregoing. The amine'preparation is illustrated by the following specific examples. Example 31.-4-(Z-dimethylaminoethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1- ethyl-Z-pyrrolidinone hydrochloride mono-hydrate A solution of forty g. (0.122 .mole) of 4-(2-chloroethyl)'-3,3-diphenyl-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone and eleven g.

(0.244-mole) of dimethylamine in 250 ml. of absolute ethanol was heated for sixteen hours at 100 in a sealed system and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dilutehydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The acid extract was made basic with sodium hydroxide and again extracted with ethyl acetate. This ethyl acetate extract was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in dry methyl ethyl ketone and acidified with dry hydrogen chloride, which caused precipitation of the product. Yield 32 g. (67%); Ml. 162166.

Drying at 125 produced the anhydrous salt which, on standing at room temperature for one-half hour, reabsorbed its water of hydration.

4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isobuty1 2 pyrrolidinone hydrochloride, 1-benzyl-4-(Z-dimethylaminoethyl) 3,3 diphenyl 2-pyrrolidinone hydrochloride monohydrate, 3,3-diphenyl-1-ethyl-4-(2-pyrrolidinoethyl)- 2-pyrrolidinone hydrochloride monohydrate, 3,3-diphenyl- 1-isopropyl-4-(2-methylaminoethyl) 2-pyrrolidin0ne hydrochloride, 3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl-4-[2-(4-methyl-l-piperazino)-ethyl]-2-pyrrolidinone dihydrochloride dihydrate, 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopr0pyl-4-[2 (4-phenyl-1-piperazino) ethyl]-2-pyrrolidinone monohydrochloride dihydrate, 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-4-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2 pyrrolidinone hydrochloride monohydrate, 4-[2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholino) ethyl] 3,3 diphenyl-l-isopropyl-Z- pyrrolidinonemaleate, and 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-4- [2- (4 carbomethoxy-l-piperazino) -ethyl] 2-pyrrolidinone monohydrochloride dihydrate, were prepared in the manner of Example 31 from 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1- isobutyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and dimethylamine, 1-benzyl-4- (2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and dimethylamine, 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-l-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone and pyrrolidine, 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyllisopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and methylamine, 4-(2-chloroethyl)3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinorie and N- methylpiperazine, 4-(2-chloroethyl) -3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and N-phenylpiperazine, 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and morpholine, and 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl-Z- pyrrolidinone and 2,6-dimethylmorpholine, and 4-(2-chloroethyl).-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and N- carbomethoxypiperazine, respectively.

The following are additional examples of the above method:

Example 32.3,3-diphenyl-1-ethyl-4-(2-m0rph0lin0- ethyl)-2-pyrr0lidin0ne hydrochloride mo ohydrate the extractionand was removed by filtration. M1. 217- 219. The acid extracts were made basic with sodium hydroxide and extracted with ether, and the ether solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was suspended in six normal hydrochloric acid. Additional crystalline product formed and was recrystallized from two normal hydrochloric acid. Yield ten g.; M.P. 2l7-219. Total yield 23 g. (70% Example 33.--4-(Z-di-n-butlyaminoethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1- ethyl-Z-pyrrolidinone A solution of 25 g. (0.076 mole) of 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3, 3-diphenyl-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 19.8 g. (0.153

mole) of di-n-butylamine in 500 ml. of absolute ethanol residue was distilled. Yield 14.7 g. (45%); B.P. 205- 3,3-diphenyl 1-ethyl-4-(2-piperidinoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone and 3-cyclopentyl-4-(2-dirnethylaminoethyl)-l-iso propyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone were prepared in the manner of Example 33 from 4-(2chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and piperidine, and from 4-(2 chloroethyl)-3cyclopentyl 1 isopropyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone and dimethylamine respectively.

The amino substituent in the above compounds may be quaternized to. form the quaternary ammonium (onium) salt as illustrated by the following example.

Example 34.4-(Z-dimethylaminoethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1 isobutyl-2-pyrr0lidin0ne methobromide.

Ten grams (0.025 mole) of 4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)- 3,3-diphenyl-1-isobutyl-2-pyrrolidinone hydrochloride was partitioned between chloroform and dilute ammonium hydroxide. The chloroform layer was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in dry methyl ethyl ketone, and the resulting solution was heated to reflux. A solution of 4.75 g. (0.05 mole) of methyl bromide in methyl ethyl ketone was added to the hot solution and, on cooling, 11.5 g. of crystalline material precipitated. M.P.= 2l4216. After recrystallization from methyl ethyl ketone, thev melting point was 2182l9.

Among additional amines, which are preparable in accord with the foregoing procedures, are the following:

3-cyclopentyl-l-isopropyl 4 (2 morpholinoethyl)-3- phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone maleate, 4-(diethylaminoethyl)-3, 3-diphenyl-1isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone fumarate, -4-(2-di methylaminoethyl) l,3-di-isopropyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone hydrochloride, 3,3 diphenyl-4-(2 hexamethyleneiminoethyl)-1-isopropyl2-pyrrolidinone vfumarate, and 4- [2-(3,5-dimethylmorpho1ino) ethyl] 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone maleate were prepared in the manner of Example 31 from 4-(2-chloroethyl) 3-cyclopentyl- 1-isopropyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone and morpholine, 4- (2-chloroethyl) 3,3-diphenyl1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and diethylamine, 4-(2-chloroethyl)-1,3-di-isopropyl-3- phenyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and dimethylamine, 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-l-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and hexamethyleneimine, and 4-(Z-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 3,5-dimethylmorpholine, respectively.

The 4-(omega-aminoalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone compounds wherein the amino substituent is primary are prepared by reacting the selected starting 4-(omega-haloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone and an excess of ammonia according to the classic Hofmann procedure, either under. pressure or at a sufiiciently low temperature to provide the ammonia in liquid form, and subsequent treatment with alkali to minimize formation of secondary and tertiary amine salts. Alternatively, the primary amines can be formed by reduction of the corresponding nitrile,.as with sodium and alcohol, or by the alkaline hydrolysis of the corresponding phthalimide according to the classic Gabriel synthesis.

3? Aspecific example of the preparation of a particular 4-(omega-primary aminoalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone follows:

Example 35.-4- (gamma-aminopropyl) -3,3-diphenyl-1- isopropyl-Z-pyrrlidin0ne fumarate ml. of ethanol, and the solvent was removed on the steam bath. The residue was dissolved in 4-00 ml. of hot water, treated with activated charcoal and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to about 200 ml. The resulting precitate was recrystallized from 200 ml. of water. Yield 6.5 g. (19% based on starting nitrile); M.P. 149-152 C.

Analysis..Calcd for C H N O C, 69.00; H, 7.13; N, 6.18. Found: C, 69.08; H, 7.24; N, 6.19.

Other examples of the preparation of 4-(omega-rnorpholinoalkyl) compounds are as follows:

Example 36.4-[2-(3,5-dimethylm0rph0lin0)-ethyl]6,3- diphenyl-I-is0pr0pyl-2-pyrrolidinone maleate A solution of 30. g. (0.088 mole) of 4-(2-chloroethy1)- 3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 22 g. (0.176 mole) of 3,5-dimethylmorpholine in400 ml. of 95% ethanol was heated in a steel bomb for seventy-two hours at The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between dilute hydrochloric acid and toluene. The aqueous layer together with an oil layer which formed was extracted with chloroform. The chloroform extract was washed with dilute sodium hydroxide and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was distilled at reduced pressure. B.P. 225228/0.3 mm.

The base was converted to the maleate salt by treating an ethanol-ethyl ether solution with maleic acid. The resulting salt was recrystallized from an ethanol-ethyl ether mixture. Yield, 18 grams (49%); M.P. 149-150.

Analysis.-Calcd for C H N O C, 69.38; H, 7.51; N, 5.22. Found: C, 69.40; H, 7.46; N, 5.24.

The furnarate salt was prepared in the same manner as the maleate salt. M.P. 200-203.

Analysis.Calcd for C31H40N2O6: C, H, N, 5.22. Found: C, 69.19; H, 7.32; N, 5.01.

Example 37.4- [2 -(2,d-dimethylmorpholino)-ethyl] 3,3-diphenyl-1-is0pr0pyl-2-pyrr0lidinone maleate A solution of thirty g. (0.088 mole) of 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl 1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone and 22 g. (0.176 mole) of 2,6-dimethylmorpholinein 300 ml. of absolute ethanol was heated in a steel bomb for sixteen hours at-120-140. The solution was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in '200 ml. of chloroform and the resulting solution was washed with one normal hydrochloric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was distilled at reduced pressure. Yield, 26 g.; B.P. 210-215 /0.05 mm. The base was converted to themaleate saltby treating an absolute ethanol solution with maleic acid and precipitating the resulting salt with dry ethyl ether. The salt was recrystallized from an ethanol-ether mixture. Yield, 28 g. (60%); M.P. 177-178".

Analysis.Calcd for C H N O C, 69.38; H, 7.51; N, 5.22. Found: C, 69.29; H, 7.62; N, 5.22.

In the manner of the preceding discussion and particularly in accord with Examples 31 through 35, starting with the appropriate nitrile and reducing the same either catalytically or with sodium and alcohol, or starting with the corresponding 4-(omega-haloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinone and the selected amine, or starting with the appropriate pri- 38 mary or secondary amine and the selected alkyl halide, the following 4-(omega-aminoalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones are produced:

4- (fi-diethylaminoethyl) -3-ally1-3 -phenyl-1-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,6-chloroethyl compound and diethylamine 4-(l8-dimethylaminoethyl)-3,3-dicyclohexyl-l-allyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- [,6- N-methylpiperazino -ethyl] -3 ,3 -dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and N-rnethylpiperazine 4- fi-piperidinoethyl) -3 -benzyl-3 -phenyl-1-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and piperidine 4- (fl-pyrrolidinoethyl) -3-phenyl-3-( 1 isopropy1-3-pyrrolidyl)-l-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and pyrrolidine 4-[B-(2,6'-dimethylpiperidino)-ethyl]-3-phenyl-3-(2- or 3-thienyl)-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and 2,6-dimethyliperidine 4- [18-(3 'methy1piperidino )-ethyl] -3-phenyl-3- (2- or 3- thenyl)-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinorre from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and 3-methylpiperidine 4-( 8-dirnethylaminoethy1)-3-phenyl-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding S-chloroethyl compound and dirnethylaminev 4-(fi-dimethylaminoethyl)3-phenyl 3-(m-chlorophenyl)- 1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- ,B-dimethylarninoethyl) -3 -phenyl-3 (o-methylphenyl) 1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- (B-dimethylaminoethyl) -3 -methyl-3 -cyclopenty1-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- B-dimethylaminopropyl) -3 ,3-diphenyll-isopropyl-Z- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloropropyl compound and dimethylarnine 4- (fi-pyrrolidinopropyl) -3 ,3 -diphenyl-1-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloropropyl compound and pyrrolidine 4- (ffl-dimethylarninoethyl -4-methyl-3 ,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- B-dimethylaminoethyl) -5-methyl-3 3-diphenyl-1-isopropy1-2pyrrolidinone from the corresponding [3-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- 'y-aminopropyl) -3-phenyl-3- (2'-piperidyl) -1-methyl- 2-pyrro1idinone from the corresponding p-cyanoethyl compound by catalytic reduction 4-('y-dirnethylaminopropyl)-3-phenyl-3-[4'-(N-methylpiperidyl) ]-1-isopropy1-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding 'y-bromopropyl compound and dimethylamine 4- [3-methy1aminoethyD-3 ,3 -diphenyl-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-aminoethyl compound and methyl chloride 4- B-rnethylethylaminoethyl) -3 ,3-diphenyl-1-ethy1-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-methylaminoethyl compound and ethyl chloride 4- v-dimethylamino-2'-propyl -3,3-diphenyl l-isopropyl- I 2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding v-chloro-2- propyl compound and dimethylamine 4- fl-methylaminoethyl) -3 ,3 -diphenyl-1-isobutyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and methylamine 4--( 8-dimethylaminoethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-cyclohexyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- fl-dimethylaminoethyl) -3 ,3 -diphenyl-1-benzyl-2-pyr-. rolidinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 39 4-(fl-dimethyla'minoethyl)-3-phenyl3-(2-pyridyl)-1 benzyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding li-chloroethyl compound and dimethylarnine I 4- fi-diallylarninoethyl) -3 -phenyl-3- (2-pyridyl)-1-isobutyl-2-pyrro1idinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and diallylamine 4- (R-hydroxyethylaminoethyl) -3-phenyl-3 (2-pyridyl v 1-cyclohexyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and ethanolamine 4- B-bis- /3'-hydroxyethylamino -ethyl] -3-phenyl-3- 2- pyridyl)-1-n-butyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corre-v sponding, B-chloroethyl compound and diethanolamine 4- fl-allylaminoethyl.) -3-pheny1-3 (2-pyridyl) -1-isopro- I pyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding p-chloroethyl compound and allylamine 4-(18-phenylaminoethyl) -3-phenyl-3- (Z-pyridyl) -1- ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and aniline 4- (fi-dipropylaminoethyl) -3-phenyl-3- (2-pyridy1 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and dipropylamine 4- B5 (N-methylphenylamino -ethyl] -3- (pmethoxyphenyl') -3 (2-pyridy1) -1-methy1-2-pyrro1idinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and N-methylaniline 4- (,B-dimethylaminoethyl -3- p-methoxyphenyl) -3 (2-pyridyl)-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corre-r sponding fl-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- (fl-dimethylaminoethyl -3- (p-methoxyphenyl) -3- (2-pyridyl)-1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4- B-methylaminoethyl -3-isopropyl-3-phenyl-1-ethyl- Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding Si-chloroethyl compound and methylamine 4- (fl-dimethylaminoethyl -1 ,3-di-isopropyl-3- phenyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4-(B-dimethylaminoethyl)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-1- isopropy1-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4-(fi-benzylaminoethyl)-3-cyclopentyl-3-phenyl-1- isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and benzylamine 4-(fl-dimethylaminoethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3-phenyl- 1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and dimethylamine 4-(A-dimethylaminmZ-butyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isopropyl- 2-pyrrolidinonefrom the corresponding chloro compound and dimethylamine 4- 'dimethylaminobutyl) -3 ,3 -dipheny1-1-isopropy1- 2-pyrrolidinonefrom the corresponding chloro compound and dimethylamine 4-('y-dimethylamino-B-methylpropyl)-3,3-diphenyl- 1-isopropy1-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding 'chloro compound and dimethylamine These compounds are all preferably isolated in the form of their hydrochloride, hydrobromide, maleate, fumarate, citrate, or methobromide salts.

The physical constants of some representative 4-(omegaamino-alkyl)-2 pyrrolidinones are shown in Table V.

In the manner of the preceding discussion and especially in accord with Examples 32, 36 and 37, starting with the selected morpholine or thiomorpholine and the corresponding 4-(omega-haloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidinones, or starting with the corresponding primary amine and the selected bis (ha1oethyl)ether or bis(haloethyl)thioether, the following 4-(omega-morpholinoalkyl)-2-pyrro1idinones are prepared:

4- [48- (2"-methylmorpholino -ethy1] -3 -allyl-3 -phenyl- 1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and Z-methylmorpholine 4- [fi- ('2,6-dimethylmorpholino -ethyl] -3 ,3-dicyclohexyl-1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and 2,6-dimethylmorpholine.

4-[B- (2'-methoxymorpholino)-ethyl]-3,3-dimethyll-phenyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding [3- chloroethyl compound and Z-methoxymorpholine 4- (fi-morpholinoethyl) -3 -benzy1-3 -phenyl-1-isopropyl- 2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding p-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4- fi-morpholinoethyl) -3-pheny1-3-( 1-isopropy1-3- pyrrolidyl)-1-isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone, from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4-(B-morpho1inoethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2- or 3-thienyl)- 1-isopropy1-2-pyrro1idinone from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4-(B-morpholinoethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2- or 3-thenyl)- 1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4-(fl-morpho1inoethyl) -3-phenyl-3- (p-methoxyphenyl) 1-isopropy1-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding p-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4- fi-morpholinoethyl -3-phenyl-3- (m-chlorophenyl) 1-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4- ,B-morpholinoethyl) -3 -pheny1-3-(o-methylpheny1) 1 isopropyLZ-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4- (13-morpholinoethyl) -3 -methyl-3-cyclopentyl- 1- isopropyl-2-pyrro1idinone from the corresponding fl-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4- fl-morpholinopropyl) -3 ,3 -diphenyl1-isopropyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding ,B-chloropropyl compound -and morpholine 4- (B-thiomorpholinopropyl 3 ,3 -diphenyl-1-isopropyl- Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloropropyl compound and thiomorpholine.

4-(,G-morpholinoethyl)-4-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1- isopropyl-2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding p-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4-(fl-morpholinoethyl)-5-methyl-3,3rdiphenyl-1- isopropyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-iodoethyl compound and morpholine 4- [gamma-(2',6'-dimethylmorpholino)-propyl]-3- phenyl-3-(2-piperidyl)-1-methyl-2-pyrro1idinone from the corresponding -chloropropyl compound and 2,6-dimethy1morpholine 4- gamma- 3 ,5 '-dimethylmorpholin0 -propy1] -3- phenyl-3- [4'- (N-methylpiperidyl 1-isopropyl- 2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding qt-chloropropyl compound and 3,5-dimethylmorpholine 4- B-morpholinoethyl) -3 ,3-diphenyl-1-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-aminoethyl compound and bis-(B-chloroethyDether 4- ,B-thiomorpholinoethyl -3 ,3 -diphenyl-1-ethyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fl-aminoethyl compound and bis-(fi-chloroethyl)thioether 4- (y-morpholino-T-propyl) -3,3 -diphenyl-1-isopropy1- 2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding 'y-chloro-2'- propyl compound and morpholine 4-(fl-morpholinoethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-isobuty1-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-bromoethyl compound and morpholine 4- fi-morpholinoethyl) -3,3-diphenyll-cyclohexyl- 2-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4-(13-morpholinoethyD-3 ,3-diphenyl-1-benzyl-2- pyrrolidinone from the corresponding [3chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4- B-mcrpholinoethyl -3-pheny1-3- (2-pyridyl) -1- ben'zyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4-(fl-morpholinoethyl)-3-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1- isobutyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding B-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 4- (fi-morpholinoethyl -3-phenyl-3- (2-pyridy1) 1- cyclohexyl-Z-pyrrolidinone from the corresponding fi-chloroethyl compound and morpholine 

1. A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 4(OMEGA-SUBSTITUTED ALKYL)-2-PYRROLIDINONES AND -2-THIONPYRROLIDINONES OF THE FORMULA: 